Desegregating Texas Schools: Eisenhower, Shivers, and the Crisis at Mansfield HighIn the famous Brown v. the Board of Education decisions of 1954 and 1955, the United States Supreme Court ruled that separate but equal schools for black and white students were unconstitutional. Yet history records that it took more than a decade of legal battles, civil rights protests, and, tragically, violent confrontations before black students gained full access to previously white schools. Mansfield, Texas, a small community southeast of Fort