Assessment, Equity, and Opportunity to LearnProviding all students with a fair opportunity to learn (OTL) is perhaps the most pressing issue facing U. S. education. Moving beyond conventional notions of OTL as access to content, often content tested; access to resources; or access to instructional processes the authors reconceptualize OTL in terms of interaction among learners and elements of their learning environments. Drawing on sociocultural, sociological, psychometric, and legal